Pranayama: Insights from Dr. Geeta S. Iyengar

In the May 2002 issue of Dipika, the Iyengar Yoga Maida Vale journal, we had the privilege of publishing an interview with Dr. Geeta S. Iyengar, discussing the significance of pranayama with Lois Steinberg. We extend our deepest gratitude to Lois for permitting us to share this enlightening conversation.

The Importance of Pranayama

LS: Pranayama is often a challenging practice for students to embrace. Could you elaborate on its importance and how one might cultivate a pranayama practice?

Geeta Iyengar: I understand the struggle. Many students perceive pranayama as merely a breathing exercise, which can make it feel monotonous. To cultivate interest in this practice, one must dig deeper into the experience. Yoga begins externally—through asanas—allowing extroverted beginners to grasp the practice more easily. However, pranayama requires an inward journey; it demands introspection and inner vision. As Patanjali stated, mastery of asanas must precede the practice of pranayama. Only once the body learns to feel sensitivity, equilibrium, and inner alignments through asanas can pranayama truly commence.

A common difficulty is that students do not immediately notice the effects of pranayama, leading them to believe their efforts are in vain. In contrast, asana practice tends to provide immediate feedback, such as increased vitality, improved circulation, and mental clarity. Pranayama, however, unfolds its benefits over time.

To begin, students should focus on relaxation—both in body and mind—similar to the experience in Savasana. I often perceive Savasana as a threshold between asana and pranayama. As students relax in Savasana, they become more aware of their breath, allowing the mind to settle and connect with inner energy. This awareness nurtures an interest in pranayama, akin to planting a seed that gradually sprouts.

Understanding breath is essential. Beginners often carry preconceived notions about how breath should be—long, deep, complete. Such expectations can create obstacles. Instead, they should focus on feeling the natural rhythm of their breath. Practicing Savasana attentively, observing the inhalation and exhalation, allows beginners to engage with their body’s intelligence: the movement of the lungs, ribs, abdomen, and the expansion and contraction during breaths. This dialogue with their breath fosters curiosity about pranayama. I recommend starting with Ujjayi and Viloma pranayama for simplicity and effectiveness.

Practical Considerations for Practicing Pranayama

LS: Regarding practical considerations, when should pranayama be practiced in relation to asana?

Geeta Iyengar: The timing largely depends on individual progress. For beginners, pranayama is best practiced after asana.

LS: Even after a vigorous asana session?

Geeta Iyengar: Yes, following a strong practice, it’s important to spend extended time in Savasana before transitioning to pranayama. For example, if one practices for two hours, they might allocate 75-90 minutes for asanas, followed by 10 minutes of Savasana and then 20 minutes of pranayama. Practicing asanas helps cultivate body awareness, preparing one for pranayama.

In this approach, fatigue from asana dissipates during Savasana, leaving the body refreshed and ready for pranayama practice. The energy cultivated in asana supports pranayama, allowing students to focus on their breath with clarity.

Progressing in Pranayama Practice

LS: What can students expect as they progress?

Geeta Iyengar: As students continue, they may notice variations in their breath—exhalations becoming longer or inhalations deepening. Developing this awareness is crucial. The focus should shift from right or wrong to understanding subtle changes in breath and how these relate to body and mind.

For advanced practitioners, pranayama requires a separation from asana. When one is attuned to it, longer, dedicated sessions become beneficial. However, beginners can start by integrating breath observation into Savasana, allowing them to connect with their breath’s movement.

The Significance of Hanuman

LS: You mentioned Hanuman’s significance in yoga—could you explain that?

Geeta Iyengar: Hanuman is known as Prana Dev, the Lord of Prana, embodying all five types of Prana—Prana, Apana, Samana, Udana, and Vyana. His mastery of these energies endows him with extraordinary powers. In the tale of Ramayana, he represents the cosmic connection between Purusha (the soul) and Prakrti (nature). Prana is not merely breath; it is energy. Breathing allows us to apply this energy and explore its depth and purity, connecting us to the divine within.

Healing Benefits of Pranayama

LS: Pranayama has personally aided me in challenging times.

Geeta Iyengar: Yes, pranayama has profound healing capabilities. It promotes control over sensory perceptions and the physical body, strengthening the nervous system. Even if students are unfamiliar with pranayama, beginning with breath awareness in Savasana can trigger a healing response.

Pranayama consists of various forms, each progressing through stages. This gradual development is akin to a blooming flower. Initially, the practice remains in seed form, and as one progresses, the practice becomes more refined and understood. Throughout this process, safety is paramount. For instance, using Bandhas is introduced gradually and should occur naturally as one builds understanding and skill.

Ultimately, the sensitivity gained through structured practices allows students to identify what needs to be unlearned and how they can deepen their practice.